Analyse A Case Study Of Anne Patient †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analyse A Case Study Of Anne Patient. Answer: Nurses spend the most of time with the patients not only implementing care interventions but also in the intervention planning procedures. Hence, it is very important for the nursing individuals to take into consideration the personal lived experience and needs of the patient while planning the care. Especially for the paediatric patients, it is absolutely essential for the care plan to be aligned with the theoretical underpinnings of human growth and development, in order to provide an optimally patient centred and holistic care (Vaziri et al., 2013). This assignment will attempt to analyse a case study of Anne, a 10-year-old patient with acute appendicitis, exploring the pathophysiology and plan a care that while assessing growth and developmental theories, family centred care and the impact of hospitalization on the child. The case study represents the scenario of a patient named Anne, a 10-year-old who had been presented in the emergency facility with right iliac fossa pain, which as diagnosed to be a case of acute appendicitis. The emergency healthcare team had decided to bring the patient for an appendectomy surgery which is the most common intervention implemented for acute appendicitis. However, further complications were discovered in the patients in the form of the gangrenous perforated appendix with peritonitis, which is a deadly adverse exacerbation that can easily lead to fatal consequences if adequate care is not taken immediately. Exploring the pathophysiology of the condition, it can be stated that the peritonitis is an inflammation of the serosal membrane present lining the abdominal cavity and the organs that are contained within (Petroianu Barroso, 2016). In reaction to certain environmental stimuli by a pathogen, the perineum gives an inflammatory response facilitating the infection ( Petroianu Barroso, 2016). It has to be mentioned in this context that the function of the appendix can be extended to the immune system due to the presence of lymphatic tissue (Yilmaz et al., 2013). The patient, in this case, had appendicitis which was complicated further by the presence of gangrenous appendicitis with peritonitis; the most common pathophysiology is due to the luminal obstruction. There can be many contributing factors behind the inflammation, however as in this case peritonitis is also associated; the most common contributing factor is the secondary infection by generally Escherichia coli (Yilmaz et al., 2013). The infection generally leads t obstruction and which in turn leads to the inflammation (Minutolo et al., 2014). The inflamed appendix in the next step perforates and due to the obstructed luminal cavity, there is an enhanced intraluminal pressure which in turn increases the venous pressure as well. This enhanced pressure leads to thrombosis of the appendix venules and impairment of the lymphatic and venuous drainage leading to ischemia with heightened mucous production that compromise the integrity of the appendix wall and hence, the wall is invaded by the intraluminal bacteria such as E. coli. Soon after, the inflammation extends towards the serosa, parietal peritoneum, and adjacent organs (Petroianu Barroso, 2016). Here the bacterial invasion and the mucosal hyperplasia lead directly to acute peritonitis (Yilmaz et al., 2013). The roles and responsibilities of a caring nurse do not end in these interventions only, there is need of the nursing professional to consider the psycho-social and developmental aspects of the patient under care as well (Biondi et al., 2016). According to the Eriksons theories psychosocial of growth and development, development is a dynamic process, although growth and development are interdependent processes, taking place in the first 20 years of life (McLeod, 2013). There are 8 stages of the development according to this theory and each stage is associated with psychosocial changes in the child according to age. Hence, each child according to their developmental stage has a distinct psyche and the care planning will need to address the impact. It has to be mentioned that in this case, the patient is in the concrete operational stage and there are a variety of different developmental needs at this age which the care plan will also have to take into account (Brown Desforges, 2013). According to the Piaget stages of development theory, a child at the age of 10 goes through logical and reasoning cognitive development and the children at this age are very aware of the external environments (Demetriou, Shayer Efklides, 2016 ). Needless to say, given the age of Anne, she will be very sensitive to the care environment and the experience. And along with that, the surgery followed by the acute infection will also have a significant impact on her physical growth and development. Hence, the developmentally appropriate care will need to address both the factors. At this age, the children like to take initiatives and be involved in the problem-solving procedure which provides them with confidence and helps them overcome inadequacy (Potts Mandleco, 2012). Hence, the nursing professional will need to engage in a therapeutic relationship with her and involve her in the care procedure. Information and patient education will also ensure maximal inclusion, hence the nurse must inform and education Anne at each step of care planning and implementation. At this age, the intrusion of privacy can also result in negative outcomes; hence least intrusive measures will need to be implemented in case of auxiliary temperature, oral medications maintaining the utmost respect for her privacy and choices (Brown Desforges, 2013). Family centred care is a very common concept of care program which aids the nurses to provide the most efficient and holistic patent centred care to the patients (Potts Mandleco, 2012). This practice is the most practiced in the context of child health, most preferably for the paediatric patients going through chronic or acute health conditions (Abraham Moretz, 2012). This care principle is based on a set of family-oriented values, attitudes and approaches, integrating the biomedical condition of the child in light of the primacy of family in the childs life (Potts Mandleco, 2012). In order to provide quality family-oriented care to Anne, the nurse will need to listen to and respect the child and her parents wishes and preferences while honouring their ethnicity. Along with that, the nurse will have to share honest and unbiased information with the parents and family along with that patient, and collaborate with her family to provide them the ultimate decisive power (Kuo et al., 2 016). Lastly, it has to be understood that family is an integral source of comfort and safety in the perception of a child and in order to provide optimal family centred care, the nurse will have to recognize the individual strengths and weaknesses, to empower Anne and her parents to regain control of her recovery and health (Potts Mandleco, 2012). Hospitalization can have a significant impact on the psychological health and well being of a child that is going through an acute and chronic illness (Lerwick, 2013). It has to be understood that for Anne, she had gone through a surgical procedure and an exacerbation which can be considered a severe life-threatening condition. Hence the chances of extreme fear and uncertainty being ingrained in her psyche are very high, along with that the impact of loneliness and pain can have a great impact on both emotional well-being and response (Lerwick, 2013). In case of Anne, the nurse will have to engage her in the therapeutic relationship and communicate with her encouraging her to express her fears and doubts. A child in acute care can be easily irritated and restless due to the fear, pain and separation from family, and can interfere with medication administration and IV therapies. In such case, the nurse will have to carefully calm the patient and educate her about her health and the ne ed for therapeutic assistance (Lerwick, 2013). The impact of hospitalization can be great on the family as well; the separation from Anne and not being able to care for her can irritate, agitate or depress her parents, filling them with anxiety and guilt. In such condition, the nurse will need to provide supportive assistance and counseling to her parents and informing them about her progress diligently. The nurse will have to involve her parents with as many aspects of care planning and implementation as possible to aid a holistic family centred care. The separation of Anne while being in the hospital might as well have an impact on her siblings and the restaurant business of the parents might also suffer due to Annes hospitalization as well creating a financial and psychosocial impact on the family. The community care nurse will need to advise the family for contacting the counseling and community social care support that they can avail. Nursing care can be considered a fundamental and irreplaceable part of the care experience of the sick and ailing. It has to be understood that for the paediatric patients the impact of an acute illness and the hospitalization can have a significant impact on the growth and developmental aspect of the child. Hence the care planning will have to consider developmental aspects, familial importance and the impact of hospitalization, along with the medical care plan, which has bee demonstrated in the assignment in details. References: Abraham, M., Moretz, J. G. (2012). Implementing patient-and family-centered care: part I-understanding the challenges.Pediatric Nursing,38(1), 44. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/41d5925fbda8ed6898bcb315a3d9a4db/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=47659 Biondi, A., Di Stefano, C., Ferrara, F., Bellia, A., Vacante, M., Piazza, L. (2016). Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a retrospective cohort study assessing outcomes and cost-effectiveness.World Journal of Emergency Surgery,11(1), 44. doi: 10.1186/s13017-016-0102-5 Brown, G., Desforges, C. (2013).Piaget's theory. Routledge. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/absas/Downloads/9781135661205_googlepreview.pdf Demetriou, A., Shayer, M., Efklides, A. (Eds.). (2016).Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development: Implications and applications for education. Routledge. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=IZSkDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Demetriou,+A.,+Shayer,+M.,+%26+Efklides,+A.+(Eds.).+(2016).+Neo-Piagetian+theories+of+cognitive+development:+Implications+and+applications+for+education.+Routledgeots=832Ey7Yv6wsig=UZI7KeFHC499wR5QHKy0VtarwrI#v=onepageqf=false Doklesti?, S. K., Bajec, D. D., Djuki?, R. V., Bumbairevi?, V., Detanac, A. D., Detanac, S. D., ... Karamarkovi?, R. A. (2014). Secondary peritonitis-evaluation of 204 cases and literature review.Journal of medicine and life,7(2), 132. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4197493 Kuo, D. Z., Houtrow, A. J., Arango, P., Kuhlthau, K. A., Simmons, J. M., Neff, J. M. (2012). Family-centered care: current applications and future directions in pediatric health care.Maternal and child health journal,16(2), 297-305. Doi: 10.1007%2Fs10995-011-0751-7 Lerwick, J. L. (2013, August). Psychosocial implications of pediatric surgical hospitalization. InSeminars in pediatric surgery(Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 129-133). Elsevier. Retrieved from https://www.sempedsurg.org/article/S1055-8586(13)00034-6/abstract McLeod, S. (2013). Erik Erikson.Retrieved August,9, 2013. Retrieved from https://docshare04.docshare.tips/files/17487/174877910.pdf Minutolo, V., Licciardello, A., Di Stefano, B., Arena, M., Arena, G., Antonacci, V. (2014). Outcomes and cost analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for treatment of acute appendicitis: 4-years experience in a district hospital.BMC surgery,14(1), 14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2482-14-14 Petroianu, A., Barroso, T. V. V. (2016). Pathophysiology of Acute Appendicitis.JSM,4(3), 1062. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4925/57b99b0a1e3e9620a99c3efa647ac90d5499.pdf Potts, N. L., Mandleco, B. L. (2012).Pediatric nursing: Caring for children and their families. Cengage Learning. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ZN4EhF1m1QkCoi=fndpg=PR3dq=Potts,+N.+L.,+%26+Mandleco,+B.+L.+(2012).+Pediatric+nursing:+Caring+for+children+and+their+families.+Cengage+Learningots=drhdcZFBWjsig=YJ4Ztd2eFm4RS7EIBEqN0_EJEFQ#v=onepageqf=false Vaziri, M., Pazouki, A., Tamannaie, Z., Maghsoudloo, F., Pishgahroudsari, M., Chaichian, S. (2013). Comparison of pre-operative bilirubin level in simple appendicitis and perforated appendicitis.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran,27(3), 109. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917482/ Yilmaz, M., Akbulut, S., Kutluturk, K., Sahin, N., Arabaci, E., Ara, C., Yilmaz, S. (2013). Unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis.World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG,19(25), 4015. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i25.4015